Monday, December 30, 2019

Habits and Traits of Millipedes, Class Diplopoda

The common name millipede literally means thousand legs. Millipedes can have a lot of legs, but not nearly as many as their name suggests. If you compost your organic waste or spend any time gardening, youre bound to find a millipede or two curled up in the soil. All About Millipedes Like insects and spiders, millipedes belong to the phylum Arthropoda. This is where the similarities end, however, as millipedes belong to their own class—the class Diplopoda. Millipedes move slowly on their short legs, which are designed to help them push their way through the soil and vegetative litter. Their legs remain in line with their bodies, and number two pairs per body segment. Only the first three body segments—those of the thorax—have single pairs of legs. Centipedes, in contrast, have single pairs of legs on every body segment. Millipede bodies are elongate and usually cylindrical. Flat-backed millipedes, as you might guess, appear flatter than other worm-shaped cousins. Youll need to look closely to see a millipedes short antennae. Theyre nocturnal creatures that live mostly in the soil and have poor sight when they can see at all. The Millipede Diet Millipedes feed on decaying plant matter, functioning as decomposers in the ecosystem. A few millipede species may be carnivorous as well. Newly hatched millipedes must ingest microbes to help them digest plant matter. They introduce these necessary partners into their systems by feeding on fungi in the soil, or by eating their own feces. The Millipede Life Cycle Mated female millipedes lay their eggs in the soil. Some species lay eggs singly, while others deposit them in clusters. Depending on the type of millipede, the female may lay anywhere from a few dozen to several thousand eggs in her lifetime. Millipedes undergo incomplete metamorphosis. Once the young millipedes hatch, they stay within the underground nest until theyve molted at least once. With each molt, the millipede gains more body segments and more legs. It may take many months for them to achieve adulthood. Special Adaptations and Defenses of Millipedes When threatened, millipedes often curl into a tight ball or spiral in the soil. Though they cannot bite, many millipedes do emit poisonous or foul-smelling compounds through their skin. In some cases, these substances may burn or sting, and may even discolor your skin temporarily if you handle one. Some of the brightly colored millipedes secrete cyanide compounds. Large, tropical millipedes can even shoot a noxious compound several feet at their attackers eyes.

Sunday, December 22, 2019

Impact Of Fast Food On Teens - 1076 Words

Title: Impact of Fast Food on Teens. Intro: It is known that there are major issues with the Fast Food Industry and the impact on teens. Constantly teens are taken advantage of as being naive and or underrepresented Teenagers are taken advantage of on a daily base in the food industry emotionally unstable,un self representable and seek comfort in the easiest cheapest food. Carey quotes, â€Å"Fast food commercials greatly influence teens’ eating habits, since food is the most advertised item on television†, this makes a bigger impact on teens since they seek for comfort on food which then ties on to health risks. Teens tend to seek comfort in food and believe that the more fast food they it the better it would be but the effect is the total†¦show more content†¦Teenage underrepresentation and vulnerability make a huge impact on teens this makes them consume an unhealthy amount of fast food on a daily basis which then lead to major health risks. Some health risk are obesity,diabetes,cardiovascular conditions,impacts in fertility and All Cause Mortality. â€Å"A typical fast food meal is extremely high in fat and calories†, states Lee that leads to an impact in obesit y and diabetes with fast food restaurants in every corner this is not helping the issue at hand and americans still have a problem with obesity and diabetes.â€Å"Researchers found that eating more than twice per week at fast food restaurants is linked to significantly more weight gain over time than occasional visits†,Lee claims ,this problem is highly probable as food in fast food restaurants is much cheaper than in a dine in restaurant. That is one of the major impacts as fast food continues to drop in prices the more affordable and the quicker it is made the more that it is bought by customers. Pietrangelo points out â€Å"The American Heart Association suggests only eating 100 to 150 calories of added sugar per day. 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If one were to open any popular magazine, especially teen magazines, to a random page, at least one of the pages would most likely be an advertisement. Sometimes those advertisements even fill both pages. The majority of advertisements in magazinesRead MoreThe Dark Side Of A Growing Industry1454 Words   |  6 Pages The Dark Side of a Growing Industry 186,627. That is the exact number of fast food restaurants that existed in the United States in 2012, according to Numberof.net. The fast food industry has become the face of America. On every intersection there is a McDonalds, Burger King, Jack in the Box, Taco Bell, Chipotle, or Church’s. As an American, one can go anywhere in the country and find the same fast food that they’re used to in nearly every state. Many of these places have already figured out howRead MoreThe Causes Of Obesity And Obesity1508 Words   |  7 Pagesmind? 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Saturday, December 14, 2019

Work Satisfaction and Motivation Free Essays

————————————————- THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN REWARDS, RECOGNITION AND MOTIVATION AT AN INSURANCE COMPANY ————————————————- IN THE WESTERN CAPE ABSTRACT Increasingly, organizations are realizing that they have to establish an equitable balance between the employee’s contribution to the organization and the organization’s contribution to the employee. Establishing this balance is one of the main reasons to reward and recognize employees. Organizations that follow a strategic approach to creating this balance focus on the three main components of a reward system, which includes, compensation, benefits and recognition (Deeprose, 1994). We will write a custom essay sample on Work Satisfaction and Motivation or any similar topic only for you Order Now Studies that have been conducted on the topic indicates that the most common problem in organizations today is that they miss the important component of recognition, which is the low-cost, high-return ingredient to a well-balanced reward system. A key focus of recognition is to make employees feel appreciated and valued (Sarvadi, 2005). Research has proven that employees who get recognized tend to have higher self-esteem, more confidence, more willingness to take on new challenges and more eagerness to be innovative (Mason, 2001). The aim of this study is to investigate whether rewards and recognition has an impact on employee motivation. A biographical and Work Motivation Questionnaire was administered to respondents (De Beer, 1987). The sample group (N= 184) consists of male and female employees on post-grade levels 5 to 12. The results of the research indicated that there is a positive relationship between rewards, recognition and motivation. The results also revealed that women and employees from non-white racial backgrounds experienced lower levels of rewards, recognition and motivation. Future research on the latter issues could yield interesting insights into the different factors that motivate employees. ————————————————- Notwithstanding the insights derived from the current research, results need to be interpreted with caution since a convenience sample was used, thereby restricting the generalizability to the wider population. ————————————————- ———————————————— ———————————————â€⠀- DATA GATHERING INSTRUMENT For the purpose of this study a quantitative methodology was followed and a questionnaire was used as the measuring instrument. According to Leary (2004), the major advantages of questionnaires are that they can be administered to groups of people simultaneously, and they are less costly and less time-consuming than other measuring instruments. The data gathering techniques used included a biographical questionnaire and the Work Satisfaction and Motivation Questionnaire as set out by De Beer (1987). ———————————————— BIOGRAPHICAL QUESTIONNAIRE The biographical questionnaire was a self-developed questionnaire that incorporated the following personal information of the respondents, gender, home language, marital status, age, race, job classification, education, qualifications, job grade and tenure. Refer to Appendix 2. ———â⠂¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€- WORK SATISFACTION AND MOTIVATION QUESTIONNAIRE The questionnaire as set out by De Beer (1987) incorporates the sixteen factors of Herzberg’s two-factor theory. The questionnaire consisted of nine dimensions that impact employee satisfaction and motivation. Refer to Appendix 3. ————————————————- THE NINE DIMENSIONS OF THE QUESTIONNAIRE According to De Beer (1987) the nine dimensions are as follows: 1. Work content probed the respondents’ feelings about the type of work they do. 2. Payment probed respondents’ satisfaction with their salaries. 3. Promotion probed for the opportunity that the organization offers for promotion. 4. Recognition probed whether the respondent was receiving the recognition and feedback for the jobs they perform. . Working conditions were probed as the fifth factor and looked at opportunity to mix with colleagues and interpersonal relations. 6. Benefits looked at whether the benefits such as pension, medical schemes and leave were satisfactory. 7. Personal probed the respondents’ feeling s towards their job. 8. Leadership or supervision probed the level of satisfaction with the manager. 9. General probed if the respondents’ had considered alternative employment, and hence their level of satisfaction with the organization. Appendix 2 ————————————————- BIOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION . Gender Male Female 2. Home / Preferred language English Afrikaans Xhosa Other 3. Marital Status Single Married Divorced Widowed 4. Age Under 20 years 21 –30 years 31 – 40 years 41 – 50 years 51 – 60 years 61 years older 5. Race African Asian Colored White 6. Job Classification Specialist Line Manager Clerical/ Administration If you are unsure which category, please state your occupation: 7. Educational Qualification Std 8 Matric Diploma Degree Masters Other (Please specify) 8. Job Grade PG 9 PG 10 PG 11 PG 12 PG 13 PG 14 PG 15 9. How long have you been employed at this company? Less than 1 year 1 year – 5 years 6 years – 10 years 11 years – 15 years 16 years – 20 years 21 years or longer Appendix 3 ————————————————- Work Satisfaction and Motivation Questionnaire 1. INTRODUCTION It is fairly obvious that people differ from one another in what they need and expect to get from different areas of their lives. Please think about the work you do and because most jobs are not perfect, consider what would make it better from your point of view. 2. METHOD FOR ANSWERING QUESTIONS With each question, you have a choice of three answers. Choose one of the following: TRUE = T NOT SURE = NS UNTRUE = U Mark your answers with a cross (X). 3. WORK CONTENT | T| NS | UT| 3. 1 I am interested in my work | 1| 2| 3| 3. 2 My work consists of a variety of work | 1| 2| 3| 3. 3 I receive training daily which teaches me something new| 1| 2| 3| 3. 4 My work is easy | 1| 2| 3| 3. 5 The amount of work is easy to handle| 1| 2| 3| 3. 6 I control the amount of work I do myself| 1| 2| 3| 3. 7 I am completely independent of others | 1| 2| 3| 3. 8 I regard the content of my work as responsible | 1| 2| 3| 3. I know exactly what my mistakes are | 1| 2| 3| 3. 10 I am allowed to decide on the methods for doing the work | 1| 2| 3| 3. 11 I am proud to say what kind of work I do | 1| 2| 3| 3. 12 My work is the way to future success | 1| 2| 3| 3. 13 I will not be dismissed without good reason | 1| 2| 3| 3. 14 I have the opportunity to take part when decisions are made | 1| 2| 3| 3. 15 I feel that my work is of value in my department | 1| 2| 3| 3. 1 6 There is not time for idleness | 1| 2| 3| 3. 17 I have a certain degree of authority in my work | 1| 2| 3|   | 4. PAYMENT | T| NS | UT| . 1 My salary is satisfactory in relation to what I do | 1| 2| 3| 4. 2 I earn the same as or more that other people in a similar job| 1| 2| 3| 4. 3 The basis of payment, for example overtime payment, is reasonable | 1| 2| 3| 4. 4 Salary increases are decided on a fair manner | 1| 2| 3| 5. PROMOTION | T| NS | UT| 5. 1 I will be promoted within the next two years| 1| 2| 3| 5. 2 Everyone has an equal chance to be promoted | 1| 2| 3| 5. 3 Staff are promoted in a fair and honest way | 1| 2| 3|   | 6. RECOGNITION | T| NS | UT| 6. 1 I am praised regularly for my work | 1| 2| 3| 6. I receive constructive criticism about my work | 1| 2| 3| 6. 3 I get credit for what I do | 1| 2| 3| 6. 4 I am told that I am making progress | 1| 2| 3| | 7. WORKING CONDITIONS | T| NS | UT| 7. 1 My working hours are reasonable| 1| 2| 3| 7. 2 I am never overworked | 1| 2| 3 | 7. 3 I get the opportunity to mix with my colleagues and to communicate on aspects of our work| 1| 2| 3| | 8. BENEFITS | T| NS | UT| 8. 1 My pensions benefits are good | 1| 2| 3| 8. 2 My medical scheme is satisfactory| 1| 2| 3| 8. 3 I never have problems with my arrangements for leave | 1| 2| 3|   | 9. PERSONAL | T| NS | UT| 9. I am given work in accordance with my qualifications a skills| 1| 2| 3| 9. 2 I work in the department of my choice| 1| 2| 3| | 10. MY LEADER/ SUPERVISOR | T| NS | UT| 10. 1 Is satisfied easily | 1| 2| 3| 10. 2 Will support me if there are problems | 1| 2| 3| 10. 3 Can be convinced and persuaded | 1| 2| 3| 10. 4 Is a warm-hearted person | 1| 2| 3| | 11. GENERAL | T| NS | UT| 11. 1 I have considered changing jobs | 1| 2| 3| 1. 2 I have been looking out for another job | 1| 2| 3| 11. 3 I am thinking of resigning| 1| 2| 3| | | | | THANK YOU | | | | Please check to make sure that you have not missed any questions. | How to cite Work Satisfaction and Motivation, Papers

Friday, December 6, 2019

Pathological Issue of Lacking the Power

Question: Describe about the Pathological Issue of Lacking the Power. Answer: Introduction The relative terms continence and incontinence are indicative of the distinct pathological issue of lacking the power of controlling bladder or bowel movement. The issue of continence and incontinence is a growing issue among the old individuals of the current society of every horizon of the world. Considering this particular issue in the context of pathology, random scientific research works have been paving the way for new technical initiatives to resolve the challenging issue of urinary incontinence that hits the emotional bottom of mind also (Goodman et al. 2013). The purpose of the considered report is to make a brief and in-depth review of two particular research articles those have been created containing significant facts about the technical initiatives taken for the betterment of continence clinic and their ultimate impact. In this respect, it is significant to mention that the entire purpose of the present discourse will be concentrating on the provided case study of Brian Williams who is a chronic sufferer of urinary incontinence. Analysis of two articles Article 1: Measuring the Psychosocial Impact of Continence Management Technologies by Jeffrey W. Jutai, Kenneth Southall, Eleanor A. van den Heuvel The concerned research article rests on the evaluation of the impact of implementing the management technologies related to the practice of continence. The research showcased under the article is conducted to measure the psychological effect of varied management practices including pharmaceutical practices, surgical methods, behavioural instructions and ATDS (Assistive technology devices). According to the considered article, the issue of Urinary Incontinence is a challenging aspect that harms both the physical and psychological condition of the suffering individual. The article distinctively categorises different forms of interventions with illustrative notes at the initial stage (Jutai et al. 2011). As per the illustration, ATDS is a set of devices that is acknowledged for improvising the functional capabilities of the continence management systems. As per the evaluation and identification of various facets related to ATDS, some of the most reusable and convenient tools, which are used most frequently, are pessaries, insert devices for vagina and continence guard technology. Particularly for the men sufferers, the most commonly used treatment device is artificial sphincter for the urinary system (Grant et al. 2013). However, it can be interpreted from the informative illustration of the article, external aids are compulsory for aptly using the device of sphincter. Some of the most efficient external aids are the reusable underwear and maxi pads controlling the leakage of urine. The discussion of the ATDS is gently followed by analysing the pivotal challenges of Urinary Incontinence that more cohesively establishes the fact that UI does not only serve as detrimental for the health but also provokes depression and dependence. The review presented in the article therefore suggests that UI patients suffers from social exclusion and makes a suffering individual more vulnerable and less attentive towards personal hygiene (Jutai et al. 2011). The article thereafter straight goes on to evaluate the findings gained from the research that is being reviewed by the discourse. The interpretations infer that the pathological challenge of UI is found to be associated with diseases like blood pressure, problems in kidneys and specifically Diabetes. On the other side, the reviewed findings concludes that most of the continence suffers are the victim of mental stress due to which most of the time they choose to isolate themselves and do not discuss about their issues with others. Considering the case study of Brian Williams who seems to be a similar sufferer of Continence as per the account of his wife, it is can be said that the person is one of the most unfortunate victims of UI. Additionally, keeping in mind about the main interpretation of the acknowledged article, which is UI that creates a barrier for the suffering individuals to mingle freely with others. In case of Brian Williams, the situation is found to be worst, as the person has lost his ability to walk and have artery bypass and valve replacement. Therefore, it means that the persons dependence is not a consequence of his isolation due to having abnormal bladder movement. It is probably his inappropriate medication procedure and a huge number of other physical issues like knee replacement, artery bypass surgery, spondylitis and valve replacement. The case study indicates that the patient consumes warfarin, tramadol and other drugs to stimulate his heart condition and only one for controlling lip id flow. Therefore, it is understandable that Brian should have a balanced medication, which should include a good amount of drugs to control the bladder issue of Mr. William like Mirabegron, alpha-blockers. However, it should not be an appropriate statement to say that the entire medication process is inappropriate though it is clear that the provided medication is not working as per the requirements and condition. Hence, two particular premises are appearing in the context of the selected article one of which indicates that there may have not been any scope of using external aids appropriately as per Mr. Williams lacks in having an effective caregiver. Secondly, it can be interpreted that the individual may be in need of the newly innovated management systems like Sensor Technology. Need of an efficient care giver is essential not only to measure and treat Mr. Williams for his incontinence bladder issues but also keeping in mind about the facts like knee replacement, chronic spondylitis and heart surgery. Therefore, Article 2: Sensor Technology: a smart way to maange continence by Paul Fish and Victoria Traynor The article selected regarding managing continence among the older people and patients suffering from dementia. The people that are facing issues regarding emotionally challenging conditions are various times found to be suffering from urinary incontinence (Damin et al. 2016). It is a major concern for both family carers and professional personnel. The article describes about smart ways that can help in managing continence among the suffering people (Fish and Traynor 2013). Technological innovation of wireless tele-monitoring system is been developed in order to manage the urinary continence to the people living in residential complexes suffering from dementia. The telemonitoring system described here is known as sensor technology that will help to promote the care towards urinary incontinence among the patients. In developed countries like United States, older people and people suffering from dementia use to take support from different residence aged care facilities (RACF) (Kaiser e t al. 2014). These organizations are focusing on providing more efficient and effective solutions to the people that will focus into the problems caused by the incontinence issue (Shafik 2013). The article focuses on the UC care provided by the organizations using the sensor technologies. Sensor technology is the innovative approach that is adopted by the residential care for aged people gradually (Flanagan et al. 2014). It is seen that the cost of technologies are affordable. There are few facts regarding the incontinence problem are mentioned in the article. It can be said that the older people residential homes requires set up and assistances for controlling urinary incontinences (Westra et al. 2013). The problem is found in most of the older persons. In Australia, it is seen that the aged care statutory standards put stress on the fact that the residential accommodation for older people must have the facilities in controlling urinary incontinency in order to help older people in need (Ouslander 2016). However, the sensor technology is also used for detecting problems in the emotionally challenged people. However, as per the selected discourse, the innovative plan of UC has been designed keeping mind about the increasing cost of continence care and the lack of efficiency of the existing tools (Fish and Traynor 2013). The approach of UC plan have several opportunities to introduce itself as a convenient management system as the system as per the article includes toileting assistance. Electronic monitoring tools to evaluate voiding patterns have also proved efficient as according to a survey program reviewed in the article has implied that such devices work as sensory mediums for communication. The article is an evident of the fact that palliative care programs like UC care plans works successfully for those old individuals who do not have the ability to express their bladder movement and also for those who have impaired cognitive function (Fish and Traynor 2013). Another innovative management system that could be implanted by the palliative clinics like continence healthcares is wireless management system for continence patients. It would prove fruitful as per the articles interpretations that say the wireless system for continence care has the unique monitoring and alerting technology that is directly connected to an intelligent central management system (Makai et al. 2014). The difference between this wireless technology and the electronic tool used in UC management is the wireless one is faster and helps to estimate numerical data (Suskind et al. 2015). However, among these varied innovative and emerging technical continence management system, the electronic system of telemonitoring seems the most convenient one (Kretschmer et al. 2016). According to another research findings reviewed by the selected piece, telemonitoring system possibly works most conveniently for the UC care plan. Therefore, two major aspects can be deduced from the article, one that says UC care plan is the most applicable and fruitful system to be used to give care to the patients who are chronic sufferers of Urinary Incontinence and the other one is the use of telemonitoring that is found most relevant for the practice of UC. Hence two of the facets are identified linked with each other as a convenient UC care plan requires having less time consuming device for which the system of telemonitoring seems apt. The reason that UC care planning is appropriate for a pathological issue like continence is this particular care planning system is beneficiary for the mobil ity impaired as well as mentally depressed elder citizens (Van der Aa et al. 2013). Most importantly, concerning the case of Brian William who is not only challenged by UI issues is found to have dire necessity to be enlisted in a UC care planning immediately. The person is currently suffering with numerous other physical abnormalities like osteoarthritis, spondylitis, valve replacement, coronary artery bypass transplant and walking disabilities along with the issue of UI. Additionally, he requires a strong care giving atmosphere which he lacks due to having an aged wife. It is significant enough to notice that most of his medication elements involve drugs for heartbeat control, blood pressure and heart congestion control and to reduce blood clots. It is understandable that a giant portion of his medication needs to include medicines like Warfarin, Spiractin and amiodorone as most of the pathological disorders of Mr. Brian are related to artery bypass, knee replacement and osteoarthritis. Therefore, it seems that along with simvastatin, the patient is in need of tol terodine, fesoterodine, Topical estrogen and medicines for alpha-blockers, which are some of the effective drugs applied to treat incontinence (Grant et al. 2013). Care planning programs like UC care planning as per the article review is prepared to give palliative care for those who are dependable upon other by all means (Long et al. 2014). On the same side, Mr. Williams seems to have the requirement of electronic systems like telemonitoring and wireless monitoring. In this context two opinions can be established. One is if the family of the patient from the case study finally finds no convenient place but home to survive, then a well managed and well equipped UC care system will be required. The second one is if the particular continence clinic which is referred by his wife should have a UC care system or an alternative one like this. Most importantly, in that case the clinic should have all kind of modern technical tools as Mr. William is completely beyond the capability to expre ss or communicate about his physical complexities. Considering the elements of the article review, it would be proper if the person is provided with a particular team of UC care giving system to monitor his recovery volume on daily basis. Conclusion After diagnosing the review outlines and their importance in the scenario of the given study, it can be drawn that one of the crucial pathological challenge of bladder incontinence is finding multiple technical initiatives in the current era. A little argument can also be noted in this sense that whether all of the depicted technical and behavioural measures are consequently proving fruitful or not. In this respect it can be said based on the conclusive deduction, that among all other continence management care, the possible emerging one is proved to be the UC care planning system. Alongside, the assignment indicates that such a palliative care system will be accompanied relevantly with wireless monitoring and telemonitoring electronic devices. However, considering the case of Brian Williams, the discourse implicates that the existing continence cares are somewhat proving less effective. Based on which it can be further concluded that UC care planning coupled with the facility of wireless and telemonitoring measurement and control tool are found to be an immediate facet of requirement. Recommendations Based on the drawn conclusion and the review interpretation, for the nursing care that particularly concentrates on serving for the patients suffering with incontinence bladder issue, the following aspects can be suggested The nursing care homes should implement the system of UC care planning. The care clinics should be equipped with telemonitoring and wireless measurement and control devices. A particular group of care givers should be assigned for patients who have serious continent issues alongside they should be trained in the manner of UC care planning system (Latour et al. 2013). References Damin, J., Pastor?Barriuso, R., Garca Lpez, F.J. and Pedro?Cuesta, J., 2016. Urinary incontinence and mortality among older adults residing in care homes.Journal of Advanced Nursing. Fish, P. and Traynor, V., 2013. Sensor technology: a smart way to manage continence. Flanagan, L., Roe, B., Jack, B., Shaw, C., Williams, K.S., Chung, A. and Barrett, J., 2014. Factors with the management of incontinence and promotion of continence in older people in care homes.Journal of advanced nursing,70(3), pp.476-496. Goodman, C., Davies, S.L., Norton, C., Fader, M., Morris, J., Wells, M. and Gage, H., 2013. Can district nurses and care home staff improve bowel care for older people using a clinical benchmarking tool.Br J Community Nurs,18, pp.581-587. Grant, R.L., Drennan, V.M., Rait, G., Petersen, I. and Iliffe, S., 2013. First diagnosis and management of incontinence in older people with and without dementia in primary care: a cohort study using The Health Improvement Network primary care database.PLoS Med,10(8), p.e1001505. Jutai, J., Southall, K. and van den Heuvel, E., 2011. Measuring the psychosocial impact of continence management technologies.Generations Rev-Br J Gerontol, pp.1-3. Kaiser, A.M., Orangio, G.R., Zutshi, M., Alva, S., Hull, T.L., Marcello, P.W., Margolin, D.A., Rafferty, J.F., Buie, W.D. and Wexner, S.D., 2014. Current status: new technologies for the treatment of patients with fecal incontinence.Surgical endoscopy,28(8), pp.2277-2301. Kretschmer, A., Grimm, T., Buchner, A., Grimm, J., Grabbert, M., Jokisch, F., Schneevoigt, B.S., Apfelbeck, M., Schulz, G., Bauer, R.M. and Stief, C.G., 2016. Prognostic features for objectively defined urinary continence after radical cystectomy and ileal orthotopic neobladder in a contemporary cohort.The Journal of Urology. Latour, K., Plddemann, A., Thompson, M., Catry, B., Price, C.P., Heneghan, C. and Buntinx, F., 2013. Diagnostic technology: alternative sampling methods for collection of urine specimens in older adults.Family Medicine and Community Health,1(2), pp.43-49. Long, A., Southall, K., Fowler, S., Cotterill, N., Van Den Heuvel, E. and Jutai, J.W., 2014. Towards the development of the psychosocial impact of assistive devices scale for continence (C-PIADS).Technology and Disability,26(2, 3), pp.153-160. Makai, P., Brouwer, W.B., Koopmanschap, M.A., Stolk, E.A. and Nieboer, A.P., 2014. Quality of life instruments for economic evaluations in health and social care for older people: a systematic review.Social Science Medicine,102, pp.83-93. Ouslander, J.G., 2016. Improving Continence Care for Older Adults: From Bedside to Health Policy.Journal of the American Geriatrics Society. Shafik, A.A., 2013. Autologous Neosphincters and Novel Technologies for Fecal Continence. InReconstructive Surgery of the Rectum, Anus and Perineum(pp. 367-371). Springer London. Suskind, A.M. and Clemens, J.Q., 2015. Bladder Filling and Storage:Continence: Stress Incontinence. InRapid and Practical Interpretation of Urodynamics(pp. 209-225). Springer New York. Van der Aa, F., Drake, M.J., Kasyan, G.R., Petrolekas, A., Cornu, J.N. and Young Academic Urologists Functional Urology Group, 2013. The artificial urinary sphincter after a quarter of a century: a critical systematic review of its use in male non-neurogenic incontinence.European urology,63(4), pp.681-689. Westra, B.L., Bliss, D.Z., Savik, K., Hou, Y. and Borchert, A., 2013. Effectiveness of wound, ostomy, and continence nurses on agency-level wound and incontinence outcomes in home care.Journal of Wound Ostomy Continence Nursing,40(1), pp.25-53.

Monday, November 25, 2019

Government and the Macroeconomy essays

Government and the Macroeconomy essays The countrys government plays a large role in the economy. Government policies on employment, taxes, and spending affect not only the economy of the nation, but also the economic stability of individuals and corporations. This report delves into these policies and how they may relate to a corporation. The corporation used in all comparisons is Domtar, Inc., a large producer of forest products, such as specialty and fine paper, in North America. Government Stabilization of the Economy The government, including the President of the United States, uses economists to aid in inventing a countercyclical policy, fiscal and/or monetary, to moderate the severity of the business cycle. These economists often arrive at different and conflicting conclusions and recommendations. Inflation and unemployment are the most demanding macroeconomic issues that these economists have to deal with. There are five basic schools of employment and inflation: Classical, Keynesian, Neo-Keynesian, Rational Expectations, and Supply Side. The classical economics school of thought emphasizes the natural tendency for an economy to move toward equilibrium at full employment without inflation and argues against government intervention. They believe that unemployment is temporary and is caused by wages above the equilibrium wage rate. For example, say the average worker makes $6/hr, and there are 10,000 available workers. Domtar offers $10/hr. At that rate, they can only afford to hire 6,000 workers, leaving 4,000 unemployed. If these 4,000 are willing to do the same work for only $6/hr, it would drive the pay rate down, and the company could hire more of the available workers. The end result: everyone who is willing to work at the equilibrium wage rate, will eventually find employment. Thus, no unemployment. However, Domtar is a union shop. Labor unions often use their power to increase wages. These increases can therefore actually cau...

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Cause and effect on hunter-gatherer Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Cause and effect on hunter-gatherer - Essay Example Proto-science can be alternatively called as the pre-science period but it had nonetheless contributed a lot to the development of established scientific methods. Simple observations of the workings of nature ensured survival of primitive peoples. It could include things like when animals will gather, where these animals drink and the various shrubs, berries and fruits of trees that are edible or poisonous (Hassler & Wilcox, 2008, p. 8). It can be described that life back then was very precarious that depended mostly on Nature on how Man manages to adapt himself to Nature. Seasons and weather patterns likewise have to be predicted with a certain degree of accuracy in order for men to prepare themselves. This paper tries to examine how these primitive societies managed to survive from the rigors and challenges of Nature from which we are descended. It is quite interesting to note that due to this preoccupation with adjusting to Nature, men had learned almost by instinct on how to interpret the world to ensure survival. It had become second nature (pardon the pun) in which men at those times behaved resulting into an in-built bias that served as a very survival mechanism by relating the cause to its effect. This is the discussion in this paper. The hunter-gatherer societies existed before man learned to develop agriculture. Due to the very nature of being entirely dependent on the vagaries of Nature, man has no choice but to become nomadic whenever and wherever there is plentiful food supply and where it is relatively safe for him to obtain such food supplies. Because of man’s innate capacity to learn and learn quickly, observation of Nature alone is not sufficient for him to survive. To be able to make sense of the observed patterns in Nature, man has to construct a model. This model is then used to resolve the ambiguities often seen in Nature. As a result of this tendency to avoid ambiguity, our brain’s circuits are predisposed to

Wednesday, November 20, 2019

Marketing Management Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Marketing Management - Research Paper Example n which marketers try to adapt to the changing dynamics of the external environment, take valuable and crucial decisions related to product launch, its promotion, the key issues surrounding the product / service in question, as well as the various ways to address the same. Toyota Automobiles is a business segment of Toyota Industries Corporation, which was founded by Sakichi Toyoda in the year 1926. From the humble beginnings of a textile manufacturing firm to a multinational multi-million dollar company, Toyota Industries Corporation has come a long way. Such phenomenal success of the company could be mainly attributed to the strategic planning and detailed and timely execution of its plans. The company initiated diversification and expansion measures to include textile, machinery, automobiles, material handling equipment, electronics and logistics as a part of its organizational structure. Today, the company is regarded as the world’s best selling automaker and a world leader in the automobile industry. Toyota Motor Corporation deals in two broad categories of product / service which include: automotive and non-automotive products. The automotive products include major brands Toyota – the core brand which includes cars, trucks, SUVs as well as a range of automotive accessories; and Lexus – which is a luxury vehicle division of the Toyota Motor Corporation; while the non-automotive products / services include: housing, financial services, communications, marine vehicles, biotechnology etc among others (Toyota, 2010). The company aims to be a "good corporate citizen" by continuously striving to win the trust of its customers globally. The company is guided by the spirit of openness and fairness as its corporate philosophy and strives to develop cleaner and greener car technologies to make this planet a safe and better place to live (Toyota, 2010). This section includes detailed / comprehensive discussion of various aspects related to the Toyota Motor

Monday, November 18, 2019

Using more community service combined with probation we can eliminate Research Paper

Using more community service combined with probation we can eliminate the broken windows theory - Research Paper Example This may be a key policy issue for city management, which may be forced to weigh their options in an attempt to reach at the most effective method of dealing with crime. Would using more community service accompanied with probation prove effective in eliminating the â€Å"broken windows theory†? Does disorder actually spread in the neighbourhoods? Previous research has not offered a strong empirical support so far, and it is difficult to define what constitutes disorder, what may lead to its spread or which may be the most effective means of curbing disorder and crime (Harcourt, 2001). Using hypotheses generated about the systems of combating disorder and crime, we tested the hypotheses in a different field experiments. We found that when an offender was sentenced to more hours of community service and/or probation, people who observed them were less likely to indulge in violation of other rules or norms that may cause the disorder to spread, thus the theory of broken windows is eliminated. Law enforcement agencies have in the past adopted community service and probation as effective methods of reducing recidivism among offenders and supervision of offenders in the community. Community service is a form of alternative sentencing by courts in which individuals convicted of crimes are obliged to take part in compulsory unpaid work that is intended to be of social value, in place of serving a prison sentence, other sanctions and judicial remedies such as fines or incarceration. For instance, the court may reduce or write off offenders’ prison terms in exchange for a specified number of hours of community service, which the convict may be allowed to choose after which it is documented by credible agencies like NGOs. The sentencing may sometimes be specifically targeted to the offender’s crime. 4 Sometimes community service may be accompanied by probation-a court ordered sanction that permits an offender to stay free from detention subject to a prescribed perio d of proper behavior under the supervision of a probation officer. The types of supervision vary and include intensive, home detention, GPS monitoring, informal, standard or unsupervised probation. 4 2.Literature review 4 3.1 Introduction 4 Studies and available literature on community service and probation have stressed the significant role of developing effective and concrete strategies of eliminating the broken windows theory. This chapter will put forward what is already known regarding the use of community service accompanied with probation to eradicate the spread of disorder as proposed by the broken windows theory. We examine the core principles of effective community service and probation putting into account some of the research questions advanced in the introductory chapters- how effective is a community service and probation in eliminating the broken windows theory? There is plenty of research is available on what is considered to be effective in tackling the spread of di sorder. Essentially, there is an abundance of research focusing on a collection of approaches deemed to possess the most impact on convicts in helping them minimize or desist from more criminal behavior. In addition, this section also analyzes the approaches and community work skills commonly employed by probation officers, and also consider the

Friday, November 15, 2019

Developing Successful Strategic Alliances

Developing Successful Strategic Alliances The traditional relationship between the client, consultants, main contractor, subcontractors and suppliers within the construction industry using a traditional contract is in most cases but not all very contractual and adversarial one Blame Culture which is not productive in a business as it about relationships, where the client and consultants puts all of the risk on to the main contractor who in turn passes it down the line to their supplier chain i.e. Suppliers Subcontractors, due to the nature of the construction industry i.e. large and complex projects that need to be completed to unrealistic time frames, budget, quality, safety expectations, this is the direct opposite and goes against the grain of Strategic Alliances. Gomes-Casseres 2003 p.1213 combines elements of item 1 2 above Alliances are agreements between two or more separate firms that involve ongoing resource contributions from each to create joint value, are incomplete contracts where the terms of the agreement cannot be completely specified and agreed at the outset and joint decision making to manage the business and share value We will be adopting the characteristics of item 3 above in our business plan. Alliances (large and small) have been around in one form or another since the early 1990s, they are used in all different industries across the world and the construction and engineering industry is no exception some notable projects that have been completed around the world using alliances are: Burj Khalifa, Dubai UAE, the worlds tallest building was built by a Joint Venture (type of strategic alliance) by Samsung Engineering Construction (South Korea), Besix (Belgium) and Arabtec from UAE; The Dubai Mall, Dubai, UAE, the worlds largest retail development was built by a Joint Venture Partnership (type of strategic alliance) by Dutco Balfour Beatty (the author used to work for this company) Al Ghandi and Consolidated Contractors International Company (DBB/AG and CCC); and Gateway Bridge Duplication Upgrade Project, Brisbane, Australia, was built by Leighton Contractors Abigroup Joint Venture at a cost of AUS$1.88b it consisted of the duplication of Gateway Bridge and 20km upgrading of Gateway Motorway, including the Gateway Deviation. This business plan has be developed using the principles of leading alliances academics, experts practitioners in their field in particular Gomes-Casseres work to develop best practices that work, while recognising that each alliance is unique and there is no one size fits all approach. This document is a work in progress and we would be working with the potential partners after the business alliance strategy has been established by MCS Constructions, to jointly develop the alliance operating plan, this will construct a solid foundation for a mutually beneficial relationship. The topic of this report is Defining a Business Plan for a Potential Strategic Alliance, there are many possible interpretations of this topic as strategic alliances have been in existence since the early 90s, are used in across a variety of different industries, companies both large and small, on a domestic and international level which can range from very simple to the complex. Drawing upon my own life/work experiences, knowledge, skills and qualifications in the construction and engineering industry both local and international over the last 10 years plus (refer CV in Appendix ?), and considering I do not have access to relevant information on an existing alliance, I will be looking at the feasibility of developing a potential strategic alliance and defining a business plan which will include but not limited to the following areas as outlined in the elective assignment specification (refer appendix ?): This is drawn on the extensive life/work experiences, knowledge, skills and qualifications gained by the owner/director Mr. Matthew C. Smith in the construction and engineering industry both local and international over the last 10 years plus (refer CV in Appendix ?), which is evident in the business today. We are exploring the feasibility of setting up a Strategic Alliance with other trusted companies within the industry, to provide its clients (Public Private) with single-source of responsibility, a one-stop shop to complete its projects of various sizes and complexity on time, to budget, quality and safety that exceeds the clients expectations and objectives. In order to do this a strategic alliance would provide a vehicle with capital/finance, additional knowledge, skills, experiences, expertise from the potential partner companies (Consultants, Major Preferred Suppliers and Major Preferred Subcontractors) both local international, resources, connections, capabilities and competencies, where the clients projects require a broad range of expertise, some of which we may not have in-house. We would be looking at developing this alliance capability to enter the overseas and remote projects in developing and third world countries in particular Middle East / Africa / Asia etc. We would also welcome alliances closer to home (Australia) when needed and depending on our clients requirements. Is to provide its clients (Public Private) with a single-source of responsibility, a one-stop shop to complete its projects of various sizes and complexity on time, to budget, quality and safety that exceeds the clients expectations and objectives in an economic, efficient, ethical, environmental sustainable way. At this stage of the business plan we have not identified any particular companies as potential partner organisations but MCS Constructions would be looking to undertake a strategic alliance that consists of both local and international firms (large or small) within the construction and engineering industry supply chain both up and down the line. The rationale for MCS Constructions to partner with the supply chain (as outlined above) both up and down the line (forward and backward integration) for it to deliver the alliances clients within the construction and engineering industry, projects that are on time, to budget, quality and safety and exceeds the clients expectations and objectives. We offer our potential partners our core competency of Technological Know-How and Management Know-How within our chosen area of knowledge, skills, experiences and expertise in commercial construction i.e. new build, fit-out, refurbishment and heritage listed work. We would be looking for a potential partner with which would complement us and provide capital/financing, additional resources, capabilities, competences, skills, experiences, knowledge, connections, expertise etc. The anticipated benefits would be that MCS Constructions would be able to grow and expand its business overseas into new markets with the additional capital/financing, resources, capabilities, skills, experiences and expertise in their chosen area i.e. Consultancy, Major Preferred Suppliers and Major Preferred Subcontractors, to share risk/reward (Gain/Pain Share) and am opportunity to learn. Now we have made the decision to enter a strategic alliance, we have many choices to be made that relate to the design of the alliance, scope, goals, management processes including legal, tax, insurances, financing, structure etc. This will be outlined in a formal alliance agreement (refer to appendix ? for a sample copy). In relation to legal, tax and insurances, performance bonds/guarantees, profit etc. (for the purposes of this report is outside its scope) this will depend on the local jurisdiction that the strategic alliance is under i.e. Country that the alliance is operating in for example Dubai, UAE it is a requirement that international companies setup a joint venture to partner with a local company sponsor where 51% will been owned by the local company and 49% by the international company. The author used to work for Dutco Balfour Beatty LLC in Dubai, UAE which was 51% owned by the local company Dutco and 49% owned by Balfour Beatty the international company. On a separate note the author used to work for Balfour Beatty in the UK. There are three major forms of strategic alliances Joint Venture, Equity Strategic Alliance and Non-Equity Strategic Alliances, the final decision on the form will be negotiated between all parties to their mutual benefit, but it is envisaged that we will use a Non-Equity Strategic Alliance (refer to definitions section) which over time may develop into a Joint Venture. Stage 1: Utilise the alliance partners specialty in their chosen area, we will allocate tasks and responsibilities to each partner on the basis of what they do best, we will tender and bid for constructions and engineering projects in various target markets/segments, tendering and bidding for projects requires capital, resources, time, etc., if we are not successful at winning work we will continue to look for other opportunities, if we are successful at winning work then we will move into Stage 2; Stage 2: Once we have successfully won and been awarded the project/contract from the client we will enter the Project Stage where we will utilise the alliance partners specialty in their chosen area, we will allocate tasks and responsibilities to each partner on the basis of what they do best, the project stage will depending on the type, size, complexity of the project be broken down into various stages which will typically following a traditional matrix: Alliances Specific Strategy and Alliances Analysis Selection this will be undertaken be the Senior Management of MCS Constructions championed by the owner / director Mr. Matthew C. Smith but will including other internal resources HRM, Accounting / Finance / Legal and Operational Managers, as well as external consultants when required and needed such as Facilitator, Lawyer, Investment Bank, Strategic Alliance Management Consultants i.e. Vantage Partners to provide their expertise as this is the first strategic alliance for MCS Constructions. Alliance Value-Creating Negotiations, Operational Planning and Structuring this will be continued by the owner / director Mr. Matthew C. Smith and the senior management of the preferred potential partner once a MOUP has been enacted by all parties including a non-disclosure confidentiality agreement, this is to continue to build the relational capital and trust between the parties moving forward. According to (Gomes-Casseres 2003 p. 120 64% of poor or damaged relationships between firms are the foremost cause of alliance failure.

Wednesday, November 13, 2019

Environmental conservation Essay -- essays research papers fc

An Environmental Conservationist, which is also known as a conservation scientist, is an excellent job for anyone who loves nature and wants to preserve all of earth’s natural wonders. As a conservationist you need to, â€Å"Find your own ways to make less trash, and help others to learn how to reduce, reuse, and recycle.† (EPA). The job is a hands-on job which means â€Å"spending a major portion of the workday outdoors without regard to weather.† (Easton 35) Though this doesn’t seem like a scientific job to most people it is because it involves calculating the outcome of certain things on the environment. The purpose of this career is to protect the environment and the people and wildlife that live in it. The profession of environmental conservationist can be narrowed to certain fields. Some people specialize in land water or soil conservation. There are others who live for â€Å"addressing ‘environmental racism’, or the tendency to condone poorer environmental conditions (hazardous waste dumps, illegal/abandoned dumps) in areas populated mainly by people of color.† (Morkes 187) It is required that you at least have a bachelors degree to hold this job. Many people have Masters as well. Generally, your pay depends on which degree you hold. Those who held doctorates has an average pay of 52,162 dollars. Those who held their Berry 2 doctorate in research for this field had a higher salary which has a median of 61,451 dollars. â€Å"In 2000, the median pay was $47,140† (Easton 90) This is a career which is neither gender nor location specific. People with this career tend to travel to where the problem areas are, which is why it isn‘t location specific. The problem areas depend on which field someone specializes in. Both men and women hold this job. There isn’t a part of the job which requires either a male or a female to perform its task. This job involves a lot of â€Å"treating, teaching, listening, counseling, problem solving/creativity, designing, inventing, drawing/writing, and developing ideas or programs.† (Easton 35) It obviously requires a lot of hands on work as well as mental work, which is demonstrated in the â€Å"problem solving/creativity, designing, inventing† Easton 35) In addition to the required hands-on work, this is not a job for someone who cann... ...bout the environment and about preserving our natural recourses. I feel especially strong about Environmental Racism because I feel it is something I have been subjected to all of my life. This is a job for me because I enjoy using things that the earth provides, like water and snow and I want to protect it because "there is a need to ensure that the cleanliness and environmental safety †¦ are not compromised." (Manila Bulletin) Works Cited 1. Easton, Thomas. Careers in Science. New York, NY: The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc. 2004 2. â€Å"Environmental Conservationists†. Encyclopedia of Careers and Vocational Guide. 2003 3. â€Å"Women and Work† Fact Monster.  © 2000–2004 Pearson Education, publishing as Fact Monster. 15 Dec. 2004 http://www.factmonster.com/ipka/A0906934.html. 4. United States Environmental Protection Agency. Solid Waste and Emergency response (5305W). Washington: September 2002. 5. DoT promotes environmental conservation in surfing tilt. Jaser A. Marasigan.Dec 15, 2004. http://www.mb.com.ph/TOUR2004121724655.html